Citations

Infrared Sauna

Image: “Impact of Visible Light on Skin Health: The Role of Antioxidants and Free Radical Quenchers in Skin Protection.” Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, ScienceDirect, 20 Dec. 2021, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0190962221029893.

Oosterveld FG, Rasker JJ, Floors M, Landkroon R, van Rennes B, Zwijnenberg J, van de Laar MA, Koel GJ. Infrared sauna in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. A pilot study showing good tolerance, short-term improvement of pain and stiffness, and a trend towards long-term beneficial effects. Clin Rheumatol. 2009 Jan;28(1):29-34. doi: 10.1007/s10067-008-0977-y. Epub 2008 Aug 7. PMID: 18685882.

Vatansever F, Hamblin MR. Far infrared radiation (FIR): its biological effects and medical applications. Photonics Lasers Med. 2012 Nov 1;4:255-266. doi: 10.1515/plm-2012-0034. PMID: 23833705; PMCID: PMC3699878.

Genuis, Stephen & Birkholz, Detlef & Rodushkin, Ilia & Beesoon, Sanjay. (2010). Blood, Urine, and Sweat (BUS) Study: Monitoring and Elimination of Bioaccumulated Toxic Elements. Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology. 61. 344-57. 10.1007/s00244-010-9611-5.

Pilch W, Pokora I, Szyguła Z, Pałka T, Pilch P, Cisoń T, Malik L, Wiecha S. Effect of a single finnish sauna session on white blood cell profile and cortisol levels in athletes and non-athletes. J Hum Kinet. 2013 Dec 31;39:127-35. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2013-0075. PMID: 24511348; PMCID: PMC3916915.

Henderson KN, Killen LG, O'Neal EK, Waldman HS. The Cardiometabolic Health Benefits of Sauna Exposure in Individuals with High-Stress Occupations. A Mechanistic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 27;18(3):1105. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18031105. PMID: 33513711; PMCID: PMC7908414.

Baker LB. Physiology of sweat gland function: The roles of sweating and sweat composition in human health. Temperature (Austin). 2019 Jul 17;6(3):211-259. doi: 10.1080/23328940.2019.1632145. PMID: 31608304; PMCID: PMC6773238.

Chang M, Ibaraki T, Naruse Y, Imamura Y. A study on neural changes induced by sauna bathing: Neural basis of the "totonou" state. PLoS One. 2023 Nov 27;18(11):e0294137. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294137. PMID: 38011189; PMCID: PMC10681252.

Laukkanen JA, Kunutsor SK. The multifaceted benefits of passive heat therapies for extending the healthspan: A comprehensive review with a focus on Finnish sauna. Temperature (Austin). 2024 Feb 25;11(1):27-51. doi: 10.1080/23328940.2023.2300623. PMID: 38577299; PMCID: PMC10989710.

Liao, Wen-Chun. (2002). Effects of passive body heating on body temperature and sleep regulation in the elderly: A systematic review. International journal of nursing studies. 39. 803-10. 10.1016/S0020-7489(02)00023-8.

Lin, C., Liu, X., Peyton, K., Wang, H., Yang, W., Lin, S., & Durante, W. (2008). FAR infrared therapy inhibits vascular endothelial inflammation via the induction of HEME oxygenase-1. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, 28(4), 739–745. https://doi.org/10.1161/atvbaha.107.160085

Patrick, R. (2021, August 5). Sauna use as a lifestyle practice to extend healthspan. Experimental Gerontology. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531556521002916

Contrast Therapy

Huberman, Andrew. "The Science & Health Benefits of Deliberate Heat Exposure." Huberman Lab Podcast, episode 69, 25 Apr. 2022, https://www.hubermanlab.com/episode/the-science-and-health-benefits-of-deliberate-heat-exposure.

Hu C, Yang J, Qi Z, Wu H, Wang B, Zou F, Mei H, Liu J, Wang W, Liu Q. Heat shock proteins: Biological functions, pathological roles, and therapeutic opportunities. MedComm (2020). 2022 Aug 2;3(3):e161. doi: 10.1002/mco2.161. PMID: 35928554; PMCID: PMC9345296.

Edkins AL, Price JT, Pockley AG, Blatch GL. Heat shock proteins as modulators and therapeutic targets of chronic disease: an integrated perspective. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2018 Jan 19;373(1738):20160521. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0521. PMID: 29203706; PMCID: PMC5717521.

Bieuzen F, Bleakley CM, Costello JT. Contrast water therapy and exercise induced muscle damage: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2013 Apr 23;8(4):e62356. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062356. PMID: 23626806; PMCID: PMC3633882.

Acute effects of cold, heat and contrast pressure therapy on forearm muscles regeneration in combat sports athletes: a randomized clinical trial. Scientific Reports, 2024. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-72412-0

Noble, E. G., & Shen, G. X. (2016). Heat shock proteins and exercise adaptations: Our knowledge thus far and the road still ahead. Journal of Applied Physiology, 120(4), 357–358. https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/japplphysiol.00811.2015

Cold Plunge

Andrew Huberman. (n.d.). Huberman Lab Podcast. https://www.podcastworld.io/episodes/dr-susanna-soberg-how-to-use-cold-heat-exposure-to-improve-y-m3g9lhmc

Choo HC, Lee M, Yeo V, Poon W, Ihsan M. The effect of cold water immersion on the recovery of physical performance revisited: A systematic review with meta-analysis. J Sports Sci. 2022 Dec;40(23):2608-2638. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2178872. Epub 2023 Mar 2. PMID: 36862831.

Yankouskaya A, Williamson R, Stacey C, Totman JJ, Massey H. Short-Term Head-Out Whole-Body Cold-Water Immersion Facilitates Positive Affect and Increases Interaction between Large-Scale Brain Networks. Biology (Basel). 2023 Jan 29;12(2):211. doi: 10.3390/biology12020211. PMID: 36829490; PMCID: PMC9953392.

Cain T, Brinsley J, Bennett H, Nelson M, Maher C, Singh B. Effects of cold-water immersion on health and wellbeing: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2025 Jan 29;20(1):e0317615. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0317615. PMID: 39879231; PMCID: PMC11778651.

Whole Body Vibration

Saquetto M, Carvalho V, Silva C, Conceição C, Gomes-Neto M. The effects of whole body vibration on mobility and balance in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2015 Jun;15(2):137-44. PMID: 26032205; PMCID: PMC5133716.

Shantakumari N, Ahmed M. Whole body vibration therapy and cognitive functions: a systematic review. AIMS Neurosci. 2023 May 18;10(2):130-143. doi: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2023010. PMID: 37426779; PMCID: PMC10323263.

Dionello CF, Sá-Caputo D, Pereira HV, Sousa-Gonçalves CR, Maiworm AI, Morel DS, Moreira-Marconi E, Paineiras-Domingos LL, Bemben D, Bernardo-Filho M. Effects of whole body vibration exercises on bone mineral density of women with postmenopausal osteoporosis without medications: novel findings and literature review. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2016 Sep 7;16(3):193-203. PMID: 27609034; PMCID: PMC5114342.

Wu S, Ning HT, Xiao SM, Hu MY, Wu XY, Deng HW, Feng H. Effects of vibration therapy on muscle mass, muscle strength and physical function in older adults with sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act. 2020 Sep 17;17:14. doi: 10.1186/s11556-020-00247-5. PMID: 32963629; PMCID: PMC7499918.

Compression Therapy

Mirko Tessari, Veronica Tisato, Erika Rimondi, Paolo Zamboni, Anna Maria Malagoni, Effects of intermittent pneumatic compression treatment on clinical outcomes and biochemical markers in patients at low mobility with lower limb edema, Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders, Volume 6, Issue 4, 2018, Pages 500-510, ISSN 2213-333X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2018.01.019.(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213333X18301306)

Artés A, Ferrer-Ramos P, Javierre C, Viscor G, García I. Effects of intermittent pneumatic compression on the recovery of cardiovascular parameters after repeated sprint exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2024 Apr;124(4):1037-1048. doi: 10.1007/s00421-023-05333-x. Epub 2023 Oct 4. PMID: 37792163; PMCID: PMC10954933.

Sharma, Lalita; Hussain, M. Ejaz; Verma, Shalini. Effect of recovery modalities on blood lactate clearance. Saudi Journal of Sports Medicine 17(2):p 65-69, May–Aug 2017. | DOI: 10.4103/1319-6308.207577

Coza A, Dunn JF, Anderson B, Nigg BM. Effects of compression on muscle tissue oxygenation at the onset of exercise. J Strength Cond Res. 2012 Jun;26(6):1631-7. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318254885b. PMID: 22465988.

Kessler NJ, Lockard MM, Fischer J. Whole body vibration improves symptoms of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2020 Apr;24(2):1-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.01.004. Epub 2020 Feb 11. PMID: 32507132.

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

Harch, P. G., Andrews, S. R., Fogarty, E. F., Lucarini, J., Aubrey, J., Lanier, W., ... Van Meter, K. (2022). Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for mild traumatic brain injury persistent postconcussion syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Neurology, 13, 815056. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2022.815056

Hadanny, A., Catalogna, M., Abu Hamed, R., Fishlev, G., Lang, E., Polak, N., ... Efrati, S. (2024). Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves neurocognitive functions and symptoms of post-COVID condition: Randomized controlled trial. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 53091. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-53091-3

Marcinkowska AB, Mankowska ND, Kot J, Winklewski PJ. Impact of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Cognitive Functions: a Systematic Review. Neuropsychol Rev. 2022 Mar;32(1):99-126. doi: 10.1007/s11065-021-09500-9. Epub 2021 Apr 13. PMID: 33847854; PMCID: PMC8888529.

Chen X, You J, Ma H, Zhou M, Huang C. Efficacy and safety of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for fibromyalgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2023 Jan 23;13(1):e062322. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062322. PMID: 36690401; PMCID: PMC9872467.

Johns Hopkins Medicine. (n.d.). Hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Retrieved May 25, 2025, from https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy

Ishihara, A. (2019). Mild hyperbaric oxygen: Mechanisms and effects. The Journal of Physiological Sciences, 69(3), 573–580. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12576-019-00678-5

Ortega MA, Fraile-Martinez O, García-Montero C, Callejón-Peláez E, Sáez MA, Álvarez-Mon MA, García-Honduvilla N, Monserrat J, Álvarez-Mon M, Bujan J, Canals ML. A General Overview on the Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: Applications, Mechanisms and Translational Opportunities. Medicina (Kaunas). 2021 Aug 24;57(9):864. doi: 10.3390/medicina57090864. PMID: 34577787; PMCID: PMC8465921.

Mrakic-Sposta S, Vezzoli A, Garetto G, Paganini M, Camporesi E, Giacon TA, Dellanoce C, Agrimi J, Bosco G. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Counters Oxidative Stress/Inflammation-Driven Symptoms in Long COVID-19 Patients: Preliminary Outcomes. Metabolites. 2023; 13(10):1032. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13101032

Mrakic-Sposta S, Vezzoli A, Garetto G, Paganini M, Camporesi E, Giacon TA, Dellanoce C, Agrimi J, Bosco G. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Counters Oxidative Stress/Inflammation-Driven Symptoms in Long COVID-19 Patients: Preliminary Outcomes. Metabolites. 2023; 13(10):1032. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13101032

De Wolde, S. D., et al. (2022). The effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on oxidative stress and angiogenesis. Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S106629362200013X

Red Light/ NIR

Padalkar MV, Pleshko N. Wavelength-dependent penetration depth of near infrared radiation into cartilage. Analyst. 2015 Apr 7;140(7):2093-100. doi: 10.1039/c4an01987c. PMID: 25630381; PMCID: PMC4418489.

Ash C, Dubec M, Donne K, Bashford T. Effect of wavelength and beam width on penetration in light-tissue interaction using computational methods. Lasers Med Sci. 2017 Nov;32(8):1909-1918. doi: 10.1007/s10103-017-2317-4. Epub 2017 Sep 12. PMID: 28900751; PMCID: PMC5653719.

Yadav A, Gupta A. Noninvasive red and near-infrared wavelength-induced photobiomodulation: promoting impaired cutaneous wound healing. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2017 Jan;33(1):4-13. doi: 10.1111/phpp.12282. PMID: 27943458.

Hamblin MR. Mechanisms and applications of the anti-inflammatory effects of photobiomodulation. AIMS Biophys. 2017;4(3):337-361. doi: 10.3934/biophy.2017.3.337. Epub 2017 May 19. PMID: 28748217; PMCID: PMC5523874.

Powner MB, Jeffery G. Light stimulation of mitochondria reduces blood glucose levels. J Biophotonics. 2024 May;17(5):e202300521. doi: 10.1002/jbio.202300521. Epub 2024 Feb 20. PMID: 38378043.

PEMF

Flatscher J, Pavez Loriè E, Mittermayr R, Meznik P, Slezak P, Redl H, Slezak C. Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMF)-Physiological Response and Its Potential in Trauma Treatment. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jul 8;24(14):11239. doi: 10.3390/ijms241411239. PMID: 37510998; PMCID: PMC10379303.

Yang X, He H, Ye W, Perry TA, He C. Effects of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy on Pain, Stiffness, Physical Function, and Quality of Life in Patients With Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials. Phys Ther. 2020 Jul 19;100(7):1118-1131. doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzaa054. PMID: 32251502.

Ebid A, El-Boshy M, El-Shamy S, Thabet A, Abedalla M, Ali T. Long-term effect of full-body pulsed electromagnetic field and exercise protocol in the treatment of men with osteopenia or osteoporosis: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. F1000Res. 2021 Jul 26;10:649. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.54519.3. PMID: 34900231; PMCID: PMC8637238.